BBird TALK

DOES MORE TIME IN THE BATH YIELD BETTER RESULTS?

            I enjoy reading groomers’ descriptions of their bathing rituals, what products they use, the sequence they employ, and how long they let various products “set up” on the coat or skin.  These descriptions are shared in the sincere belief that the ritual and timing is as important to the result as the products themselves.  Although I honor the value of ritual in giving us confidence in our results, some of these rituals are based on myth and fiction. Today we will look at some facts in the relationship between time and use of pet grooming products. 

 SHAMPOO CLEANING AGENTS:

            MYTH: Leaving a regular shampoo on longer will yield better cleaning.

            FACT: The action of cleansing surfactants is instant.

            FACT: Movement of the cleansing surfactant through the coat is more important to better cleaning than is additional contact time.

            FACT:  The possibility of skin irritation from the shampoo detergents (contact dermatitis) is increased with increased contact time.  Some detergent cleansing ingredients, such as Sodium Lauryl Sulfate, have been removed from many human bubble bath products because of a high incidence of contact dermatitis following soaking in the products.  These same ingredients are used in many pet shampoos.             

            FACT:  Mechanical action, scrubbing or massaging product through the coat by hand or water pressure through a bathing system, is more important to thorough cleaning than increased contact time.

ANTIBACTERIAL, ANTIFUNGAL AND THERAPEUTIC AGENTS - FACT: Most antibacterial and antifungal agents require 5-10 minutes of contact time with the skin to be effective.  It is important to read and follow the manufacturer’s instructions on the label. 

            MYTH: Leaving a medicated shampoo on longer will give better results.  Not true, although leaving it on less may compromise the desired results.  Leaving a medicated product on longer may risk skin irritation from the detergent ingredients. 

CONDITIONERS -  A very basic generalization is that agents that require penetration of the skin or hair cuticle need time to do this.  Penetration is never instant.  Conditioning ingredients that have been made cationic and simply attach to the hair surface can do so quickly without set up time.  Many conditioning agents are of this type, especially anti-static ingredients and silicone detanglers.  The best clues to what types of ingredients are in a conditioner are the instructions on the label.  If the label says to leave the product on for 2-5 minutes (or more, as in a remoisturizer), it means that it requires that time for full effect.  If the label does not suggest a time frame, most likely the product acts quickly. 

Another way to tell if a conditioning ingredient is cationic is to look for the suffix –onium. This means that the ingredient has been “quaternized” or made cationic.  This clue, of course, only works for products where the manufacturer discloses ingredients and uses the technical terminology.

CONCLUSION: Many hair conditioning agents, especially more sophisticated ingredients, act instantly and do not require long “set up” time.  Old-fashioned ingredients, and many less chemically sophisticated agents require time to work. For many regular conditioners, there is no benefit from greater contact time than is suggested on the label.  Conditioning “treatments”, deep conditioners, and skin moisturizers can benefit from longer contact time, but anything beyond ten minutes can be a waste of time.

TEXTURIZING AND BODYIFYING AGENTS - Texturizing is usually accomplished either by adding stiffening ingredients, or omitting ingredients that soften the coat.  Texturizing products do not usually require extended contact time.  Bodifiers may require penetration of the hair cuticle.  An example of a bodifier that needs a few minutes of extra contact time would be Chris Christensen Thick N’ Thicker Foaming Protein.  Spray-on products usually have instant effect.  Again, the manufacturers instructions are your best clue.  The best practice is to use a timer to be accurate in your set-up time. 

PESTICIDAL AGENTS - Flea and tick products almost always require a few minutes of contact to be effective, especially the more natural ingredients.  Leaving products on for longer than the manufacturer’s instructions, however, can lead to irritation or even toxicity.  Putting pesticidal or medicated products on pets and leaving them sit in a cage while the groomer does other things risks overexposure to either the active ingredients or the detergent surfactants. Using a timer is important to the accurate application of pesticides.  

 COLORING AGENTS - This is another group of products that requires careful timing and care in use.  It is important to use color enhancing shampoos on thoroughly wet coat unless otherwise instructed, and for only the recommended contact time.  If too much pigment is deposited under the hair cuticle lens, you will have a dye job instead of color enhancement. 

          To summarize, there are very few products where lengthy contact time has been proven to yield better effects.  In terms of shampoos, extended contact  may risk contact dermatitis or toxicity. If you are hand bathing, extra time spent rinsing is likely to be more helpful for your results than extra time of product sitting on the hair/skin.  Color enhancing ingredients, bodifiers, and some deep conditioning ingredients may benefit from extended contact, but many ordinary shampoos and conditioners work very quickly and extra “set-up” time is wasted. Anionic cleansing surfactants and cationic conditioning ingredients work instantly, like magnets, and thorough application is more beneficial than more contact time.  Always read and follow the instructions on the label. Time at the tub can be very elastic, so we recommend that you use a timer.

 

 

What is the Difference Between Pet & Human Shampoos?

Ah, one of my favorite topics. Let me sit back and savor it, like a fine wine. I'd like to savor it WITH a fine wine, but I just gave up the extra calories in an attempt to shed a few of my uglier pounds.  You know the ones I mean, those pounds that sag and bag.  Gravity is mean to seniors! 

The bottom line is that although there are some major differences between a top shelf human shampoo and an economy pet shampoo, there are a great many middle range products that are quite similar. Some of the more sophisticated pet shampoos have formulas that are nearly identical to their human counterparts. The human and canine skin and hair may be somewhat different, but the similarities between the two species are greater than the differences and the same goes for the shampoos.

 Human Shampoos Have More Additives - A broad difference between shampoos for pets and those for humans is that human shampoos tend to have more additives in them, but some of the premium pet shampoos are catching up. Basically, a shampoo contains: water, a cleansing system (surfactants), a thickening/foam building system (more surfactants), a preservative system, and the additives.  The additives are ingredients that give a shampoo its unique character, including color and fragrance.  Together, they usually make up no more than 2-5 percent of the product. When I first started grooming in the ‘70’s, pet shampoos were fairly simple formulas, often no more than four or five ingredients. Nowadays it is not unusual to find pet shampoos with more than 10 ingredients.  

Conditioning ingredients, such as Cetrimonium Chloride and Dimethicone, are functional additives that provide anti-static, detangling and hair softening benefits.  It’s hard to find a human shampoo without some type of conditioning additive, and pet shampoos are following suit. One additive that is popular in pet shampoos that is not often found in human formulas is Oatmeal.  It has become a fad ingredient in pet products. Some additives are present primarily for marketing value because consumers recognize them as having certain qualities.  An example is Aloe Vera.  This additive is synonymous with “soothing” and “moisturizing”.  While it is sometimes a functional additive in significant quantity, it is often present in “pixie dust” amounts so that the manufacturers can put it on the label.  This has become true of Oatmeal in pet shampoos.  Protein additives, such as Hydrolyzed Wheat Protein, are becoming popular in pet shampoos.  These ingredients fill in the cracks and crevices in the hair cuticle, temporarily smoothing and adding an appearance of greater volume. Fragrance additives have become a huge trend in both marketplaces.  When I started grooming our pet shampoos had just enough fragrance in them to cover up the odor of the basic ingredients.  Now groomers are asking for more heavily fragranced shampoos and want a fragrance that lasts for days.  The downside to this fragrance trend is that fragrance ingredients in human products have been identified as the most frequent cause of allergic reactions.  It is logical that this holds true for pet products as well.  And fragrance-extending ingredients are most likely phthalates, which are problematic as possible cancer-causing substances. 

Differences in pH - Much ado is made on the matter of the alleged differences in the pH of products designed for pets, with implication that to use off-label products could be harmful. This is a lot of mythology, created to steer people away from using human products and to sell products labeled for pets.  Actual measurement by this author of over 60 pet and 45 human shampoos revealed that there were more significant differences in pH within each group than there were between the two groups. To review the entire study and discussion as published in eGroomer Journal, click here. 

 Pet Shampoos Are More Concentrated -The hypothesis about pet shampoos being more concentrated may hold up for some products, but not for all. Many premium human shampoos have about the same percentage of "solids" (i,e, ingredients other than water) as do many pet shampoos. Only those pet shampoos advertising 35:1 or greater dilution ratios are consistently more concentrated than human products. News flash: Most human shampoos can also be diluted. Pet and human shampoo manufacturers are all drawing from the same marketplace of chemical suppliers for their ingredients. In fact, some companies manufacture product lines for both pets and humans. There are no particular ingredients that are found in human products that are considered safe for people and acknowledged as unsafe for pets. The one thing I would say to keep in mind, whether shopping from the pet marketplace or human products aisle is that the more plant, protein, color and fragrance, the greater the likelihood of an allergic reaction.

 The Biggest Difference – Where there is a huge difference between pet and human shampoos is not what is in the bottle, but what is on the label.  The labeling of human shampoos is guided by legislation that mandates that all ingredients must be disclosed in descending order of volume in the product and identified by their formal names.  No such requirements exist for the labeling of pet products.  Manufacturers are free to disclose or not disclose any or all ingredients.  A cloak of “trade secrecy” exists over pet products, with many major manufacturers refusing to reveal their main ingredients, and listing only additives or particular ingredients that have marketing value. Nor do ingredients in pet products need to be identified by formal (INCI – International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients) names.  While a human shampoo would have to identify a primary surfactant as “Sodium Laureth Sulfate”, a pet shampoo could list the same ingredient as  “mild coconut cleanser”.  This kind of ingredient description is a dodge ball tactic that allows pet product manufacturers to appear to have a list of ingredients while they continue to tell us very little about what is in the product.  Because this is allowed, it makes these products look more benign and pet-friendly than the products that are labeled following the human cosmetics guidelines, and it makes it very difficult to compare pet products.